Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts

Time Clauses with before, after, and when

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·        A time clause explains when something happened. It begins with one of the following before, after, and when. 
·        Use a comma after the time clause.
·        We can also use these time clauses after the main clause.
·        If it comes after the main clause it doesn’t need a comma.

Before she ate, she washed her hands.
She washed her hands before she ate.

After she used the toilet, she washed her hands.
She washed her hands after she used the toilet.

When she was washing her hands, she dropped the soap.
She dropped the soap when she was washing her hands.


Here is a video on time clauses, although it focuses on the future it explains the time clauses well.
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Similarity and agreement with so, too, either, neither

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When we agree with something someone says:
Positive Answers Verb To Be:

Negative Answers
I am tired

I am not going to the party.
So am I

Neither am I / Neither are we
I am, too/ She is too.

I'm not either / We are not either
Me, too (casual)

Me, neither (casual)



Difference between either and neither:
Neither Sara nor Marina is going to the party. (The girls are not going to the party)

Either Sara or Marina is going to the party. (One of them will go to the party)



Agreement with other verbs:
Positive

Negative
Carolina runs fast.

Nuria doesn’t run fast.
So do I / So does he.

Neither do I.
I do, too. / Me, too. (casual)

I don’t, either.


Me, neither (casual)


agreeing: so, too, neither, either


More PowerPoint presentations from Beth Bogage
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Adverbs of Manner

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Adverbs of manner tell how something is done
  • Often come after a verb
    • He talked quietly.
  • Sometimes is placed before the verb to add emphasis
    • He quietly walked out the door.
  • Usually end in -ly
    • Exemptions: 
      • hard, fast, so, well
  • To know when to use an adverb of manner versus an adjective ask yourself:
    • Is it describing how someone is?
      • She is nice.
      • They were calm after the earthquake.
    • Is it describing how something was done?
      • She behaves nicely.
      • The reacted calmly to the earthquake.
The following table has some common adverbs of manner. The ones that are together can have close meaning. The ones on the Positive/Negative column can be used either in a positive or negative form.





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Stative Verbs

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Stative Verbs

Stative verbs describe states and feelings (not actions). They are not used in the present continuous

I feel sad. (stative)

I jump on the bed. ( not stative)

stative-verbs-list.pdf


BBC Stative Verbs - Definition and Exercises

Perfect Grammar Stative Verbs - Definition and Exercises
Watch this video to review Stative Verbs
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Used to in English

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Used to is used to speak about situations that happened regularly in the past or that were true in the past but are not anymore.

Examples
I used to work for Intel, but I work for Apple now.

past
present
I used to buy my clothes at H&M
now I buy them at Zara.
We used to have coffee after class
now we have no time.




Question
Answer
Did
you use to park in the garage?
Yes, I did./No I didn’t.
Did
your live in Paris?
Yes, I did./No I didn’t.

Used to Explanation
Game for Practice
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Present and Past Unreal Conditionals

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Unreal conditionals are used to talk about situations that are improbable, imaginary, or past events that never occurred.

Second conditional is used to talk about situations in the future that have a probable or improbable chance of happening (10% chance).  For example if I say: If I would go to Rome, I could have an audience with the Pope.  There is a probability that I could go to Rome, but an audience with the Pope is highly improbable, but not impossible, it could happen.

Second Conditional

Format
Condition
Result clause

past conditional
would + base form of the verb
If
I went to Rome
I would have an audience with the Pope.
If
I had a million dollar salary
I would buy a Mansion in New York.

You can also start with the result clause
Result clause

Condition
would + base form of the verb

past conditional
I would have an audience with the Pope.
If
I went to Rome
I would buy a Mansion in New York.
If
I had a million dollar salary


Third conditional is used to talk about situations in the past that have 0% probability of happening, because they depend on a condition in the past changing and that can't happen.


Third Conditional

Format
Condition
Result clause

past perfect
would + past participle
If
I had gone to Rome
I would have had an audience with the Pope.
If
I had had a million dollar salary
I would have bought a Mansion in New York.

or 
Result clause

Condition
would + past participle

past perfect
I would have had an audience with the Pope.
If
I had gone to Rome
I would have bought a Mansion in New York.
If
I had had a million dollar salary

Conditionals-English Club
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How to Formulate Embedded Questions

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An embedded question is a question that is part of another sentence. It can appear in a declarative sentence or a question.

Direct Questions

Embedded Questions
Where is the museum?

Could you tell me where the museum is?
Why was the train delayed?

Do you know why the train was delayed?
Why are the children screaming?

I don’t know why the children are screaming.


These expressions are used to introduce embedded questions:
I was wondering…
The question is…
Who knows…
I’d like to know…
I’m not sure why…
It’s not clear…
Can you remember

Uses for embedded questions:

To ask for information politely
Direct Questions

Embedded Questions
What time is the show?

Can you tell me what time the show is?

Speaking about something the speaker doesn't know.
Direct Question

Embedded Questions
Why did the girl start to cry?

I was wondering why the girl started to cry?

More Information about Embedded Questions



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Asking for Permission in English

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Common English Adjective Suffixes

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Understanding the meaning of Suffixes can help us understand the meaning of words and expand our vocabulary. Here is a list of Common English adjective suffixes.

Adjective Suffixes
-able, -ible capable of being edible, presentable
-al pertaining to regional
-esque reminiscent of picturesque
-ful notable for fanciful
-ic, -ical pertaining to musical, mythic
-ious, -ous characterized by nutritious, portentous
-ish having the quality of fiendish
-ive having the nature of creative
-less without endless
-y characterized by sleazy
Source: http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/comsuffixes.htm



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Unit 1 - Simple Past vs. Present Perfect

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Grammar- Simple past and present perfect


The simple past is used to talk about actions that began and ended in the past.

My mother was a teacher for five years.

The present perfect is used for actions that began in the past and continue in the present.

My mother has been a teacher for ten years.  For the past five years she has worked as a primary teacher.

Additional Resources

 Present Perfect

English Grammar Online
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