Time Clauses with before, after, and when

·        A time clause explains when something happened. It begins with one of the following before, after, and when.  ·        Use a comma after the time clause.

·        We can also use these time clauses after the main clause. ·        If it comes after the main clause it doesn’t need a comma.

Before she ate, she washed her hands.

She washed her hands before she ate.

After she used the toilet, she washed her hands.

She washed her hands after she used the toilet.

When she was washing her hands, she dropped the soap.

She dropped the soap when she was washing her hands.

Here is a video on time clauses, although it focuses on the future it explains the time clauses well.

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Similarity and agreement with so, too, either, neither

When we agree with something someone says:
Positive Answers Verb To Be:		Negative Answers
I am tired		I am not going to the party.
So am I		Neither am I / Neither are we
I am, too/ She is too.		I'm not either / We are not either
Me, too (casual)		Me, neither (casual)
Difference between either and neither:
Neither Sara nor Marina is going to the party. (The girls are not going to the party)		Either Sara or Marina is going to the party. (One of them will go to the party)
Agreement with other verbs:
Positive		Negative
Carolina runs fast.		Nuria doesn’t run fast.
So do I / So does he.		Neither do I.
I do, too. / Me, too. (casual)		I don’t, either.
		Me, neither (casual)

agreeing: so, too, neither, either

More PowerPoint presentations from Beth Bogage

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Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner tell how something is done

• Often come after a verb
• He talked quietly.
• Sometimes is placed before the verb to add emphasis
• He quietly walked out the door.
• Usually end in -ly
• Exemptions: 
• hard, fast, so, well
• To know when to use an adverb of manner versus an adjective ask yourself:
• Is it describing how someone is?
• She is nice.
• They were calm after the earthquake.
• Is it describing how something was done?
• She behaves nicely.
• The reacted calmly to the earthquake.

The following table has some common adverbs of manner. The ones that are together can have close meaning. The ones on the Positive/Negative column can be used either in a positive or negative form.

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Storytelling Vocabulary

be based on	(N) a story that was inspired by events that actually occurred
be hooked on	(V) to be addicted to something
brave	(ADJ) willing to do things that are dangerous, and does not show fear in difficult or dangerous situations
character	(N) who a book, movie, or play is about
clever	(ADJ) someone who is intelligent and able to understand things easily or plan things well
eventually	(ADV) in the end, especially after a lot of delays, problems, or arguments
follow	(V) to keep up with the news of a particular person or group
happy ending	(N) a positive conclusion to something
incredible	(ADJ) something that is very unusual or surprising, and you cannot believe it is really true, although it may be
make up	(V) to invent a situation and describe it to others for entertainment
overcome	(V) when you successfully deal with a problem and control it
predictable	(ADJ) it is obvious in advance that it will happen
realistic	(ADJ) recognize and accept something's true nature and try to deal with it in a practical way
soap opera	(N) a television drama series about the lives and problems of a group of people
struggle	(V) try hard
survive	(V) manage to live or continue in spite of difficulties
tell a story	(V) to entertain or inform others by describing true or fictitious events
the same old story	(PHRASE) a phrase describing something that happens very often
true story	(N) events that actually occurred
TV series	(N) a set of programs of a particular kind which have the same title
uneducated	(ADJ) does not have a high standard of learning

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Celebrations Vocabulary

Vocabulary
be held	(V) to take place
contest	(N) a competition or game that people try to win
first prize	(N) a reward for winning a contest
race	(N) a competition to see who is the fastest
root for	(V) to cheer for someone or something
win	(V) do better than everyone else
celebrate	(V) when you do something enjoyable because of a special occasion
celebration	a joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event
full	(ADJ) have plenty of something, so you don?t want any more
gather	(V) come together in a group
get together	(V) meet as a small group
have a good time	(V) to enjoy yourself
host	(N) the person who has invited the guests and provides the food, drink, or entertainment at a party
host a party	(V) invite guests and provide the food, drink, or entertainment
housewarming	a party of people assembled to celebrate moving into a new home
invite	(V) ask someone to come to a party or event
participate	(N) take part in
perform	(V) to play music, dance, or act in front of an audience
performer	an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience
plan a party	(V) decide in detail what you are going to do for a party before it happens
rowdy	people who are noisy, rough, and out of control
throw a party	organize a party
nightclub	a spot that is open at night that provides entertainment such as dancing, food and drink
wild	(ADJ) wild behavior is uncontrolled, excited, or energetic
neither	adj. Not one or the other; not either: Neither shoe feels comfortable. pron. Not either one; not the one or the other: Neither of the twins is here. Neither will do. Neither of them is incorrect. Neither we nor they want it. She neither called nor wrote. I got neither the gift nor the card. 2. Also not: If he won't go, neither will she. adv. Similarly not; also not: Just as you would not, so neither would they.
either	The one or the other: Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine. conj. Used before the first of two or more coordinates or clauses linked by or: Either we go now or we remain here forever. adj. 1. Any one of two; one or the other: Wear either coat. 2. One and the other; each: rings on either hand. adv. Likewise; also. Used as an intensive following negative statements: If you don't order a dessert, I won't either.

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Giving Advice with Could, Should, Ought to, and Had Better

• Should and Ought can be used interchangeably, they have a close meaning.
• You might hear some people use "You better" instead of "You had better."
• Use "You had better" it is the correct form.
• Ought to and had better are not used in questions

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Statistics and Style Trends Vocabulary

Statistics
almost	(ADV) very nearly but not completely
average	(N) the result that you get when you add two or more numbers together and divide the total by the number of numbers you added together
drop	(V) quickly becomes less
half	(N) one of two equal parts that together make up the whole
one half	(N) one of two equal parts that together make up the whole
over	(PREP) more than
percent	(N) a fraction of an amount expressed as a particular number of hundredths
quarter	(N) one of four equal parts of something
rise	(N) an increase
thousands	(QUAN) if you refer to thousands of things or people, you are emphasizing that there are very many of them
trend	(N) a change or development toward something different
twice	(ADV) when something happens two times
Style Trends
baggy	(ADJ) when a piece of clothing hangs loosely on your body
casual	(ADJ) casual clothes are ones that you normally wear at home or on vacation, and not on formal occasions
conservative	(ADJ) traditional, or liking the old ways
dramatic makeup	(N) lipstick, eye shadow, and powder which some women put on their faces
in style	(ADJ) popular or trendy
look	(N) have a particular appearance or expression
piercing	(N) jewelry that penetrates the flesh
pointy shoes	(N) footwear that has parts that stick out sharply
retro	(ADJ) based on the styles of the past
ripped jeans	(N) denim pants that have holes in them and are designed to look very worn intentionally
skinny jeans	(N) denim pants that are very narrow in the leg
sloppy	(ADJ) something that has been done in a careless and lazy way
sporty	(ADJ) someone who is sporty likes playing sports

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